Narrative text adalah jenis teks yang dikenal dalam bahasa Inggris, yang sering ditemukan didalam buku pelajaran, buku cerita, koran dan majalah.
Dengan gaya bahasa yang mudah dipahami serta isi yang menghibur menjadi salah satu alasan mengapa narrative text penting untuk dipelajari.
Pengertian Narrative Text
Narrative text merupakan jenis text dalam Bahasa Inggris untuk menceritakan suatu kisah yang mempunyai rangkaian peristiwa kronologis yang saling terhubung.
Tujuan dari narrative text yaitu untuk menghibur pembaca tentang suatu kisah atau cerita.
Misalnya, masyarakat Indonesia terbiasa dengan cerita Timun Mas, Malin Kundang, atau Sangkuriang. Sedangkan masyarakat di Amerika atau Eropa lebih mengenai Cinderella dan Snow White.
Berikut ini beberapa jenis teks yang dikelompokkan dalam genre narrative text, diantaranya:
- Cerita rakyat
- Fabel
- Legenda
- Fiksi ilmiah
- Misteri
- Kisah hidup
Struktur Narrative Text
Struktur dari narrative text berfokus pada serangkaian bagian penting guna membangun sebuah teks ini sendiri. Secara umum, terdapat empat tahapan dalam Narrative text, diantaranya sebagai berikut:
- Orientation
Orientation berfungsi sebagai pendahuluan dalam sebuah cerita. Pada bagian ini, biasanya penulis memperkenalkan karakter, tempat, dan waktu.
Contoh: Once upon a time, there was a little ant lived in a tiny hole.
2. Complication
Pada tahapan ini, masalah mulai muncul dan berkembang hingga menjadi klimaks. Bagian ini biasanya melibatkan kronologis dan cara karakter utama dari cerita tersebut.
3. Resolution
Resolution merupakan bagian akhir dari sebuah cerita naratif. Bagian ini menceritakan bagaimana sebuah masalah diselesaikan dan bagaimana akhir dari karakter utama.
Penulis dapat memilih akhir bahagia maupun akhir yang buruk. Pada cerita dengan genre misteri, resolusi dapat berupa masalah lain yang harus dipecahkan sehingga memberikan ketegangan bagi pembaca.
4. Re-orientation (opsional)
Re-orientation bersifat opsional, yaitu bisa digunakan atau tidak. Bagian ini biasanya berisi saran, moral, maupun pengajaran yang ingin disampaikan oleh penulis.
Ciri-Ciri Narrative Text
Narrative text memiliki beberapa ciri khusus, diantaranya:
- Menggunakan past tense (Verb 2)
- Menggunakan adverb of Time seperti one day, once upon a time
- Penggunaan karakter yang spesifik (Sangkuriang, Cinderella, Malin Kundang)
- Direct speech untuk percakapan dalam cerita
- Menggunakan conjunction untuk membuat kronologi kejadian
Contoh Narrative Text
Fable (Fabel)
The Mouse Deer And The Tiger
One day, there was a mouse deer. He was thirsty so he wanted to drink on the river.
When the mouse deer came next to the rive, a tiger approached him and wanted to eat him. Of course the mouse deer tried to escape, but the tiger run faster and caught him.
In that dangerous situation the mouse deer thought hard how to escape the tiger. Then he got idea and said to the tiger, “Listen! Your mightiness and toughness are all great! But I have my own king. He has a greater strength than yours! I am sure that nobody can match his powers!” Because the tiger felt taunted, he declared that he would challenge the mouse deer’s king.
Next the mouse lead the tiger to the river, and said, “Now Look at the water. You will see my king” Foolishly the tiger looked in the river and surely saw another tiger in the water.
Then he growled, but the tiger in the river imitated to growl too. Because of his too high self pride, the tiger jumped into the water, and wanted to fight. He was believing there was another tiger in the water.
The mouse deer took that opportunity to escape. After fighting with himself in the river, the tiger realized that he was fooled by the mouse deer.
Myth (Mite)
Aji Saka and Dewata Cengkar
Many, many years ago, the kingdom of Medang Kamulan was ruled by a king named Dewata – Chengkar. This king had a strange and frightening habit. He liked to eat human beings.
One day, a young traveler arrived in the kingdom.He was called Ajisaka. Ajisaka took shelter in the house of a widow who quickly came to look upon the young man as her own son.
When he heard of the king’s strange appetite, Ajisaka sympathized with the villagers’ plight and immediately volunteered to become the king’s next meal.
Ajisaka went directly to the king’s palace.“I am willing to be your next meal. Your Highness. However, I have a request.“ said Aji Saka to the king. “Whatever you please, young man, I will grant your request,“ the king replied. “Before you eat me, grant me some land.
Just enough length of my own head cloth.“ continued Aji Saka. “Come, Young Man. Let’s measure your head cloth so that I can have my meal and you can have your land“ agreed the king.
Ajisaka began to unwrap the cloth tied around his head. The king got down from his throne and hold one end of the head cloth. He stepped backward. What he didn’t know was that this head Cloth was much longer.
The king kept going backward, step by step, as the cloth kept unraveling. He stepped backward through the palace square, backward across the village, holding the end of Aji Saka’s head cloth. The king kept stepping backward until reached the sea clifts of the sea.
A great crowd of people had gathered. They held their breath as their king took his final step backward over the cliff’s edge and plunged into the waves crashing againts the rocks at the foot of the sea wall.
Itulah pembahasan tentang Narrative Text mulai dari pengertian, ciri-ciri, struktur, hingga contohnya. Semoga bermanfaat!
Referensi:
- Studiobelajar.com
- Seputarilmu.com
